山谷音乐厅，河北/建筑

2023-03-08 11:54:21建筑设计,文化体育,文化建筑 , 现代风格

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山谷音乐厅

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OPEN建筑事务所作品山谷音乐厅近日完工。经过4年的设计与建造，这座倍受期待的半室外音乐厅将于2022年春季正式投入使用。位于距北京市区约两小时车程的河北承德金山岭，建筑如同一块来自远古的巨石，降落在可以远眺长城的山谷。该项目由OPEN创始合伙人李虎和黄文菁主持设计，两位建筑师表示：“这是一座由声音出发、由内而外雕刻而成的建筑。我们称它为Chapel of Sound，希望人们可以‘看到’声音的形状，或者‘听到’寂静的声响。”

OPEN Architects' Valley Concert Hall has been completed. After four years of design and construction, the highly anticipated semi-outdoor concert hall will open in the spring of 2022. Located in Jinshanling, Chengde, Hebei Province, about two hours' drive from downtown Beijing, the building resembles a boulder from ancient times, landing in a valley overlooking the Great Wall. "This is a building that starts with sound and is carved from the inside out," said Hu Li and Wenjing Huang, founding partners of OPEN. We call it the Chapel of Sound and hope that people can 'see' the shape of the sound or 'hear' the sound of silence."

▼建筑外观，external view of the building

▼坐落在山谷底部的音乐厅，the building nestled at the bottom of a valley

▼近景鸟瞰，closer aerial view

建筑包含一个半室外音乐厅、几处面向山谷的观景平台、一个朝向草坡的室外舞台和音乐家工作室等少量室内空间，既能承载室内乐、音乐节、舞蹈等不同形式的专业演出，也可用于独处沉思或社区聚会。北方山区的冬季人迹罕至，因此音乐厅只在相对温暖的季节开放，以避免大规模的能源消耗，这也让半室外成为可能。建筑师希望这座音乐厅可以成为一处庇护所，建立人与自然的深层连接。在这里，人们能感知到阳光、雨雪和四季的变化，或者听到平常忽略掉的鸟叫虫鸣。

The building contains a semi-outdoor concert hall, several viewing platforms facing the valley, an outdoor stage facing the grassy slope and a few indoor Spaces such as musicians' studios, which can host different forms of professional performances such as chamber music, music festival and dance, as well as private contemplation or community gathering. The northern mountains are inaccessible in winter, so the concert hall opens only during the relatively warm season to avoid massive energy consumption, which also makes semi-outdoor space possible. The architects hope that the concert hall will become a sanctuary, creating a deep connection between man and nature. Here, people can feel the sun, rain and snow, the change of the seasons, or hear the birds and insects that they usually ignore.

▼设计草图，design sketch

▼半室外音乐厅，semi-outdoor amphitheater

▼天光照亮舞台，skylight illuminate the stage

▼舞台上方的天窗，skylight above the stage

建筑室内外连通，让耐候的混凝土成为了最合适的材料选择。整座建筑由深灰色混凝土浇筑，混凝土骨料混合了当地富含矿物质的岩石。立面分层的灵感来源于周围山脉的沉积岩，层层堆叠的方式和平整的切割则表达了人工建造的理性，而非对石头形态的简单模仿。建筑的形态是对场地的直接回应：上大下小的倒锥形的结构，既顺应着山谷的形态，也以最小的足迹轻轻地落在山谷底部，将对周边环境的影响降到最少。同时，它也是音乐厅内部阶梯状观众席的外在表达。结构工程师Arup与OPEN密切合作，完成了极富挑战性的结构设计：立面的层层悬挑，最远处达12米，如悬崖峭壁般扑面而来；结构由两层混凝土壳体组成，两层壳体之间在重要受力部位相互联结。

The connection between interior and exterior of the building made weatherproof concrete the most suitable material choice. The building is made of dark grey concrete aggregate mixed with local mineral-rich rocks. The layered facades are inspired by the sedimentary rocks of the surrounding mountains, and the way they are stacked and cut flat expresses the rationality of artificial construction rather than simple imitation of stone form. The form of the building is a direct response to the site: an inverted tapered structure, large at the top and small at the bottom, both follows the form of the valley and falls gently on the bottom with minimal footprint, minimizing the impact on the surrounding environment. At the same time, it is also the external expression of the stepped auditorium inside the concert hall. Arup, a structural engineer, worked closely with OPEN to complete the challenging structural design: the layers of the facade overhang, up to 12 meters at the far end, like a cliff; The structure consists of two layers of concrete shells, and the two layers of shells are connected to each other in important stress positions.

▼由深灰色混凝土浇筑的倒锥形建筑，inverted cone-shape structure made of dark gray concrete

▼双层混凝土壳体，the double shell structure

音乐厅中朝向天空和山峦的开洞，不仅是建筑的——将光线和风景一道引入空间中，更是声学的——它们承载着了吸声的作用，其大小和形状经过严谨的声学计算，与折叠的混凝土表面形成的反声面一起，为演出呈现最佳的音响效果。在没有演出的时候，人们可以坐在音乐厅里，静静聆听鸟叫蝉鸣、微风拂过，或是追寻阳光游走跳跃的足迹，欣赏大自然的交响乐。

The openings in the concert hall towards the sky and the mountains are not only architectural -- introducing light and scenery into the space, but also acoustic -- they carry the function of absorbing sound. Their size and shape have been carefully acoustically calculated, and together with the sound reflection surface formed by the folded concrete surface, they provide the best acoustics for the performance. When there is no performance, people can sit in the concert hall, quietly listening to the birds chirping and cicadas singing, the breeze blowing, or follow the footsteps of the sun jumping and wandering, appreciate the symphony of nature.

▼朝向山峦的开洞，openings towards the mountains

▼开洞和折叠的表面带来最佳的声学效果，opening and folded surface creating best acoustic effect

无论是定制的不锈钢大门，还是青铜的标识牌、扶手，甚至手工打磨的卫生间铜镜，都以其温润的光泽和触感，与粗粝的混凝土形成强烈对比。刚劲的线条突出了混凝土的力量感，无数折面让建筑在阳光的雕刻下有了金属的光泽。在室内洞穴般原始的氛围中，也充满了精心设计的细节。雨水可以从屋顶的洞口落下来，并沿着设计好的路径迅速流走，不影响大部分观众席。

Customized stainless steel doors, bronze signboards, handrails, and even hand-polished bathroom mirrors have a warm sheen and touch that strongly contrasts with the rough concrete. The strong lines accentuate the strength of the concrete, and the numerous folds give the building a metallic sheen under the sculpting of the sun. The cavernous primitive atmosphere of the interior is also full of elaborate details. Rain can fall through the hole in the roof and quickly run away along the designed path, leaving most of the auditorium untouched.

▼音乐厅入口，entrance of the Concert Hall

▼不锈钢大门和青铜标识，stainless steel gate and bronze signage

▼首层走廊，ground floor corridor

▼峡谷状的空腔，the canyon path

▼蜿蜒的楼梯，winding stairways

▼二层走廊，second floor corridor

▼标识细部，details of the signages

▼卫生间，washroom

经由“峡谷”——内外两层混凝土壳体之间蜿蜒的楼梯——上至屋顶平台，眼前将豁然开朗。层叠的远山形成一幅气势磅礴的山水画卷，建筑置身其中，如同一只朝向天空的耳朵，聆听遥远寂静的空谷之音。

The view opens up via the "gorge" -- a winding staircase between the inner and outer concrete shells -- to the roof terrace. The overlapping distant mountains form a magnificent landscape picture, in which the building is like an ear toward the sky, listening to the sound of the distant silent valley.

▼屋顶平台，眺望远山，roof terrace with view to the distanced mountains

▼屋顶平台和开洞鸟瞰，aerial view of the roof terrace and the opening on the roof

▼连接屋顶平台的锈蚀钢板楼梯间，weathered steel staircase connected to the roof terrace

▼锈蚀钢板与混凝土节点细部，details of the joint between the concrete and the weathered steel

在建筑师的统筹和协调下，这是一次建筑师与工程师、顾问、建造者相互尊重密切配合的实践。建筑即结构、建筑即声学、建筑即室内，这是一个完全整合的工程设计。

Under the overall planning and coordination of the architect, this is a practice of mutual respect and close cooperation between the architect and the engineer, consultant and builder. The architecture is the structure, the architecture is the acoustics, and the architecture is the interior, which is a completely integrated engineering design.

▼夜景外观，external view of the building in the night