Hradby住宅改造，捷克 / OOOOX

2025-02-27 16:19:17建筑设计既有建筑改造与更新居住建筑现代风格

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Hradby的修复项目是我们最受欢迎的改造之一。这座建筑本身极具历史价值——它是一座起源于中世纪的防御工事守卫屋，底层设有拱形天花板，楼上则保留了彩绘木质天花板和原始瓷砖火炉。在这个项目中，业主的审慎态度至关重要，他们对修复过程极为重视并负有责任感，力求尽可能恢复原有建筑元素，同时以敏感而细腻的方式融入现代化室内设计。

Realization of Hradby ranks among our most popular reconstructions. The object itself was interesting. Fortification guard house with a history dating back to the Middle Ages, vaulted ceilings on the ground floor, wooden painted ceilings on the first floor, original tiled stove. Enlightened clients, who approached the reconstruction very carefully and responsibly, were an absolutely essential ingredient of this realization. The goal was to restore as many elements as possible and to complement the entire space sensitively with a modern interior.

▼起居空间概览，living room overview

▼餐厅空间概览，dining room overview

在我们介入项目时，各个楼层的功能布局已基本确定。入口层作为社交空间，设有宽敞的客厅和餐厅，厨房独立分隔开，原本闲置的车库则被改造成客房。楼上包含另一间起居室以及带独立浴室的卧室。

When we got involved in the project, the layouts of the individual floors were given. The social part of the house is located on the entrance floor – a large living room with a dining room, a separate kitchen and a guest room in the original unnecessary garage. Upstairs there is another living room and bedroom with bathrooms.

▼墙面修复，rehabilitation of the wall

正如类似建筑常见的问题，Hradby的底层存在严重的潮湿问题，原始石墙湿度过高。因此，我们选择去除墙面抹灰，暴露出原始墙体和拱顶，以便结构能够自由呼吸。墙体底部仅采用了修复性抹灰，以控制湿气问题。这一过程需要反复多次进行，以尽可能去除墙体中的水分。其余内墙采用釉面处理，并进行了精细抛光，从而呈现出独特的光影效果和纹理。拱顶采用螺旋加固技术加固，并通过从上层引光的方式，使拱顶在视觉上保持完整性。

The ground floor, as is the case with similar objects, suffers from moisture. The original stone wall was very damp. So, we followed the path of cutting away the plaster, exposing the walls and vaults so that the structures could breathe. Only the lower part of the perimeter walls is provided with rehabilitation plaster. These had to be done repeatedly in order to get the maximum amount of moisture out of the walls. The other internal plasters are glazed and finely polished, which is how we achieved very interesting reflections and structure. The vaults have been reinforced with helical braces and the light outlets are made from the upper floor to keep the vaults visually compact.

▼厨房，kitchen

部分地板采用igloo通风系统，同时墙体四周设置了排水层，以降低潮湿影响。通往上层的楼梯原状较差，因此在修复过程中，我们保留了裸露的石墙，并通过嵌入式照明突出了石材结构，使墙面粉刷部分与粗犷的石墙形成鲜明对比，中间由扶手线条分割。甚至连楼梯本身也采用了底部通风设计，以确保结构的长期稳定。

The floors are partially ventilated using an “igloo”, drainage is placed around the perimeter of the walls. The stairs to the upper floor were in very bad condition. Here, too, we used exposed stone walls and highlighted the structure with an illuminated handrail. This creates a dramatic play of lights and shadows and contrasts between the plastered wall and the rough stone wall, which is divided by the line of the handrail. Even the stairs had to be ventilated from below. The entire interior is ventilated by recuperation, the wiring is hidden in here, and the vents are equipped with period cast iron grills so that they do not visually disturb the interior.

▼书房，office

▼走廊，corridor

▼楼梯间裸露的石墙，exposed stone walls in stairwell

与地面层不同，上层空间大量采用了木结构。我们移除了原始地板上的沥青涂层，对裸露的木板进行了手工刷洗，并涂上灰色调油蜡，使其呈现温润的质感。这一层还保留了一座原始瓷砖火炉，经过细致修复后重新投入使用。炉前地面补充使用了从旧建材市场收集的阁楼砖（砖铺地面），以保持整体风格的统一。所有木地板均采用无踢脚线设计，仅保留柔性伸缩缝，以适应木材的自然变化。此外，该楼层最具特色的元素之一是彩绘木梁天花板。我们去除了大部分白色涂层，并通过活性染色剂修复了原始绘画，使其焕发新生。同时，我们采用间接照明，使这些彩绘天花板在卧室空间中呈现出温馨而柔和的光影效果。此外，墙面部分的抹灰未进行完全封闭处理，使得砖石在天花板下若隐若现，增强了空间的层次感。

The upper floor is completely different. Here, on the other hand, wooden structures are already appearing. The asphalt coating was removed from the original planks on the floor and the planks were very carefully hand brushed and oiled to a gray tone. This floor also has the original tiled stove which has been restored. The floor in front of the stove was supplemented with attic tiles (brick paving) from the bazaar. All floors are made without slats, only with flexible expansion. In addition to the period tiled stoves, this floor has unique painted beamed ceilings. The white paint was largely removed from them and the original paintings were restored using reactive stains. We illuminated all these painted ceilings indirectly, creating a very pleasant lighting effect in the bedrooms. Here, too, we left the plaster “untightened” with exposed brickwork under the ceilings.

▼二层的木结构天花板，upper floor wooden structures

▼二层书房，upper floor study

▼二层卧室，upper floor bedroom

▼二层空间细部，upper floor space details

在阁楼部分，我们尽可能保留了原始屋顶结构，并在外部补充了保温层，以确保屋顶结构在室内仍然可见，而非被隐藏在新的建筑层之下。这一做法的优势在于，不仅能保留建筑的历史特色，还能便于日后检查原始结构的状态。部分必须更换的木梁，均采用手工凿制，以最大程度匹配原始结构的风格。吊顶衬板的安装也经过精细调整，不使用任何额外装饰条，以保持整体视觉的简洁和原真性。

In the attic, the original roof was preserved to the maximum extent and supplemented with above-rafter insulation. Thanks to this, the original roof remained visible in the interior and not hidden in the structure. The advantage is that it is possible to supervise the condition of the original structures. Locally necessary beam replacements were hand-hewn with a chisel to match the structure as much as possible. The deck padding is precisely made without moldings.

▼阁楼局部，attic

▼阁楼概览，attic overall view

▼阁楼卫生间，attic bathroom

尽管整体风格仍保留了传统建筑特色，但现代科技元素被精心融入到室内设计之中。全屋配备了地暖系统，采用热泵供热，并结合热回收通风系统（recuperation），确保室内空气质量和舒适度。此外，客厅增设了一台壁炉，与地暖系统相辅相成，提高了整体居住体验。

However, the whole house is not only made in the traditional spirit. Contemporary technology, such as underfloor heating with a heat pump and recuperation, was sensitively installed throughout the interior. In addition, the heating is complemented by a fireplace insert in the living room.

▼客厅壁炉，fireplace in the living room

整个室内设计在历史与现代之间取得了平衡。裸露的石墙涂上灰色调，而厚重的承重墙洞口则采用未经处理的蜡质钢板包边，使其在视觉上形成强烈的对比感。地面层的地砖采用小尺寸款式，并以“燕尾拼接”（dovetail）方式铺设，使空间更具传统工艺美感。餐厅的核心是一张大型圆形餐桌，桌面刻有业主人生重要时刻的地理坐标，象征着家庭与记忆的凝聚力。桌子上方悬挂了一盏多臂枝形吊灯，成为整个空间的视觉焦点。

The interior as such is done in a contemporary spirit. The exposed stonework is painted in gray tones, the passages through the powerful load-bearing walls are framed by a thin cladding of raw waxed steel. The floors on the ground floor are in tiles of a smaller format, folded “dovetail”. The dining room is dominated by a large circular dining table with engraved coordinates that record important life moments for clients. A dominant multi-armed chandelier is placed above the dining table.

▼餐厅，dining room

厨房空间的拱顶结构赋予了其独特的设计挑战。我们特别定制了一组符合拱形的橱柜，使其既尊重拱顶结构，又能满足现代厨房的功能需求。所有内置家具均采用通风设计，以确保良好的空气流通。中央岛台由整块实木打造，台面采用不锈钢材质，而其余橱柜则选用钢制柜门。

The kitchen space with vaults gave rise to an atypical kitchen unit that respects the arches of the vaults and at the same time has everything you need. The furniture, like all built-in furniture in the house, is completely ventilated. The central island is made of solid wood with a stainless steel worktop, and the other parts of the furniture have steel doors.

▼厨房空间， kitchen space