Gaushala牛舍，印度 / Studio Saar

2025-07-25 14:44:17建筑设计,工业,商业建筑 , 现代风格

项目标签

项目名称

项目地址

由英印建筑事务所 Studio Saar 设计建造的 Gaushala，是一座可持续发展的全新奶牛养殖设施，位于印度南拉贾斯坦邦阿拉瓦利山脉的核心地带，专为饲养40头稀有本土吉尔牛（Gir Cows）而设。“Gaushala”在印地语与梵语中意为“牛棚”。项目选址于一处岩石突起的边缘，旨在最大限度保护周边的农田与树木。该地块能够有效抵御主导的西风，同时引入温和气流，不仅有助于驱赶蚊蝇，也能散去异味。由于地形复杂、地下布满岩石与粗壮树根，设计在施工过程中不断调整，最终形成了一种贴合场地语境的建筑回应。

Anglo-Indian practice Studio Saar has completed Gaushala, a new sustainable dairy facility designed to accommodate a herd of 40 rare and indigenous Gir cows in the heart of the Aravalli Hills, south Rajasthan. With a name that means ‘cowshed’ in Hindi and Sanskrit, Gaushala is located on one side of a rocky outcrop, on a site that was chosen by the architects to preserve the surrounding farmland and trees. The location provides natural shelter from the prevailing westerly winds while allowing a gentle breeze to enter, discouraging flies and dispersing odours. The complex nature of the site, with its rock formations and large tree roots below the surface, meant that the design had to be adapted during the construction phase, leading to a complex, contextual response to the brief.

▼场地鸟瞰，aerial view of the site

▼项目鸟瞰，aerial view of the project

项目围绕业主的可持续理念展开，全面采用“循环建造”原则，所有建材均从30公里半径内获取。设计回收了一个因结构问题需拆除的旧建筑中约360吨钢构件与200吨碎石与混凝土残料，并将其用于新建工程。同时，地基使用了就地获取的废弃花岗岩。

Centred around the client’s commitment to sustainability, the structure has been designed in line with circular principles, with all building materials sourced within a 30km radius. Waste material from an existing building that was deemed structurally unsound – including 360 tonnes of reclaimed structural steel and 200 tonnes of stone rubble and crushed concrete – has been reused within the project, while locally available waste granite was sourced for the foundations.

▼项目鸟瞰，aerial view of the site

结构采用钢制门式框架体系，使建筑能顺应地形、悬于自然景观之上，从而最大限度保留了地面植被。这样的设计策略甚至将一棵成熟大树和一块天然岩体“嵌入”建筑之中。建筑靠岩体一侧建有石砌围墙，另一侧则仅设低墙，提供广阔田野的全景视野。

The use of structural steel enabled the architects to create a load-bearing skeleton of portal frames over the landscape, preserving existing vegetation while following the contours of the land. This approach led to the integration of a mature tree and a rock formation within the building. Stone masonry walls along the outcrop create a sense of enclosure but form only a low wall on the other side, enabling panoramic views of the surrounding farmland.

▼远景，distant view

▼外观近景，closer view of exterior

Gaushala的内部以链状网格围栏封闭，保护牛群与工人免受野豹侵袭。地面由碎旧陶砖铺成，图案与排水系统由施工团队协同设计，既保证排水与防滑，也为牛群提供舒适的步行体验。建筑配备了简易的重力排污系统，用于农业废料收集与转化生物燃料，从而实现农场的自给自足运行。

Gaushala’s interior is secured by a chain-link fence, protecting the livestock and workers from wild panthers. The floor consists of broken traditional baked terracotta bricks, laid out in a pattern created with the contractor to optimise drainage and provide sufficient grip, while also ensuring comfort for the cows. A simple gravity system collects agricultural waste, allowing the farm to produce biofuel, and making its ongoing operation self-sufficient.

▼内部概览，overall of interior

屋顶设计考虑极端天气，设有大挑檐遮蔽牛群和农工。屋顶一侧设有传统农业作业空间，可用于制作有机酥油、晒干香料与小米等，为当地女性提供就业机会。另一侧为轻质保温结构，未来可安装太阳能板，为生物燃料电力系统提供补充能源。

The facility’s roof features a large overhang to protect the cows and the agricultural workers during rain and other extreme weather conditions. One half of the roof accommodates traditional Indian agricultural activities, such as making organic ghee and sun-drying spices and millets, which provide employment opportunities for local women. The other half consists of a lightweight insulated structure that could accommodate solar panels, futureproofing the building should the biofuel electric plant become insufficient in future.

▼项目由回收的建材搭建而成，the project is constructed with recycled building materials

▼结构采用钢制门式框架体系，

the structure adopts a steel portal frame system

在英殖民时期及其后大量引入欧洲牲畜的背景下，印度本土的吉尔牛数量一度锐减，尽管它们更适应当地气候。Gaushala通过融合现代与传统的有机养殖方式，为纯种吉尔牛群提供专属饲养空间，保持其血统纯正，避免与混血牛群杂交。

India’s population of Gir cows declined rapidly during British colonial rule and the subsequent introduction of European livestock, despite being better adapted to the country’s climatic conditions. Using a hybrid of modern and traditional Indian organic practices, Gaushala will provide accommodation for a thoroughbred herd, keeping them genealogically pure and separate from the more common mixed breed.

▼地面由碎旧陶砖铺成，the ground is paved with broken old terracotta bricks