贵州省印江县第七小学 / 重庆市建筑工程设计院

2026-05-26 16:59:57建筑设计科研教育教育建筑现代风格

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脱贫攻坚的宏观背景 Macro Background of Poverty Alleviation

贵州地处我们西南腹地，群山环绕，气候湿润多雨，这样的地理气候造成了当地与外界联系的重重困难，也使得贵州的经济发展相较于其他省份相对滞后。随着我国“扶贫攻坚”战役的打响，解决经济欠发达区域群众上学难的问题，成为了中央对“扶贫攻坚”战役在教育领域工作的明确要求，印江七小就是在这样的大背景下启动的。

Guizhou province, located in the heart of Southwestern China, is surrounded by mountains and has a humid, rainy climate. This geographical and climatic environment has created significant difficulties for the region’s connection with outside world, resulting in relatively slower economic development compared to other provinces. With the launch of Chinese “Poverty Alleviation Campaign,” addressing the difficulty of accessing education for people in economically underdeveloped areas became a clear requirement of the central government for the education sector within the “Poverty Alleviation Campaign.” Yinjiang No. 7 Primary School was started in such background.

▼操场主透视图，Main perspective view of the playground

重庆市建筑工程设计院团队以贵州当地的山水文脉出发，同时紧扣工程造价的经济属性，提交的“山水校园”方案得以中标并建成。项目建安总成本为6000万元，总建筑面积为29500㎡，单方建安成本仅为：2100元。设计团队在整个项目进行的过程中，通过对地形处理、体量架空、立面控制和细节刻画等多个层面对造价的控制，保证了校园在有限投入的情况下得以呈现出较高的完成度。

The Chongqing Architectural Engineering Design Institute team, extracting inspiration from Guizhou’s local landscape and cultural heritage while adhering to the economic aspects of project cost, submitted the design “Campus with Mountain and River” , which won the bid and was built. The total construction cost was 60 million yuan, with a total building area of 29,500 square meters, resulting in the construction cost of only 2,100 yuan per square meter. Throughout the process, design team from CQAEDI controlled costs across multiple levels, including terrain treatment, elevated building structures, facade control, and details design, ensuring a high level of completion within limited investment.

▼全景航拍图，Panoramic aerial view

▼主入口航拍图，Aerial view of the main entrance

梵净山下，印江河边Nestled at the foot of Mount Fanjing and beside Yinjiang River

项目位于贵州省铜仁市印江土家族苗族自治县县城城东，县城紧邻梵净山西山脉，场地被群山环绕，北邻印江县的主要河流印江河，所以在设计中对山水环境的回应成为了设计师首先想到的设计步骤。喀斯特地貌是贵州最典型的山体地貌特征，这造就了当地雄伟的自然景观，也给当地百姓的生活带来了诸多不便，多年前印江百姓不得不依靠简陋的工具开山凿石，铸就了一段可歌可泣的历史。因此，建筑师总结了印江当地河流山川的特征，将建筑外墙垂直界面隐喻为山体，再在墙面上引入柔美的曲线来回应山水栈道的空间形态。

▼基地原貌，Original site condition

▼建筑对山水曲线的呼应，

Architecture responding to mountain and river curves

The campus is located in the eastern part of Yinjiang Tujia and Miao Autonomous County in Tongren City, Guizhou Province. The location of the county is adjacent to the western mountain range of Mount Fanjing, and the site is also surrounded by mountains. To the north of the site lies the Yinjiang River, the main river of Yinjiang County. Therefore, responding to the natural landscape was the first design step for the architects. Karst topography is the most typical mountainous feature of Guizhou, creating magnificent natural scenery but also bringing many inconveniences to the lives of the local people. Years ago, the people of Yinjiang had to rely on rudimentary tools to quarry and carve stones, forging a poignant and inspiring history. Therefore, the architects summarized the characteristics of the local rivers and mountains, metaphorically representing the vertical facade of the building as the mountain cliff, and then introducing graceful curves on the walls to respond to the spatial form of the walkway in the mountains.

▼教室走廊端头处理，Classroom corridor end detail

▼雨过天晴后的校园，Campus after the rain

基底抬升，架空连廊Elevated Foundation and Skywalk

“天无三日晴”是古人对贵州当地气候的总结，印江县地处群山之间，气候稳定性较差，通常一天之间天气会有数次变化，多雨、湿润成为了设计团队需要面对的主要气候问题。在设计中我们发现场地内主要的标高要低于南侧主入口处约4米左右，所以我们结合这一高差特点，将建筑的整个基底做了架空层进行整体抬高，将场地内原本较低的部分用作地下停车场，将整个教学楼的首层作为架空活动层，并设计了南北贯通的空中连廊，满足了内部的交通联系，也满足了学生在阴雨天的室外活动需求。

“There are never three consecutive sunny days” is an ancient Chinese summary of the local climate in Guizhou. Yinjiang County, located among mountains, has a highly unstable climate, with weather often changing several times a day. Rain and humidity were the main climate challenges to the design team. During the design process, we found that the height of site was about 4 meters lower than the main entrance on the south side. Therefore, we utilized this elevation difference by creating an elevated platform for the foundation, using the lower portion of the site as underground parking, and designing the ground floor of the entire teaching building as an elevated space for outdoor activities during rainy days. A north-south skywalk was designed to facilitate internal traffic flow and meet students’ outdoor activity needs under bad weather.

▼教学楼航拍图，Aerial view of the teaching building

▼二层架空廊道，Second-floor elevated corridor

▼教学楼架空廊道，Elevated corridor of the teaching building

学校操场位于场地东侧，从东到西，建筑师依次设计了操场看台、架空连廊、室外大台阶，这一布局不仅强化了架空连廊在整个学校交通流线中的核心地位，架空连廊和西侧的室外大台阶也为东侧操场提供了“替补坐席”。

The school running track is located on the east side of the site. From east to west, the architects designed bleachers, elevated skywalk, and outdoor staircase. This layout not only reinforces the central role of the elevated skywalk in the overall school traffic flow but also provides “alternative seating” for the eastern playground area.

▼内院景观台阶，Landscape steps in the inner courtyard

▼建筑师在玩滑梯，Architect playing on the slide

起伏曲线勾勒山水印象Curves Delineate the Impression of Mountains and River

作为梵净山下的“山水校园”，建筑师从场地规划，功能布局层面对环境进行了宏观和中观尺度的回应。在材料使用的细节层面，这一构思同样得到了贯彻。在确立了以“开山凿石”的山水栈道作为建筑立面的表达语汇后，建筑师在教学楼的外墙上采用了泡沫塑料板EPS，通过对EPS板边缘的切割，在外立面上创造出了外凸和内凹两个层次，外凸部分采用白色质感涂料粉刷，内凹部分使用施工团队多次尝试后调配成功的木纹漆粉刷，实现了一深一浅，一外一内的对比。

▼内部空间关系轴侧分析图，

Axonometric analysis of internal spatial relationships

As a “campus in mountains and river” at the foot of Mount Fanjing, the architects responded to the environment on both macro and meso scales in terms of site planning and program layout. This concept was also implemented in the detail design of material use. After establishing the “mountain and river walkway carved into the rock” as the expressive language of the building facade, the architects used EPS boards on the exterior walls of the teaching building. By cutting the edges of the EPS boards, two layers were created on the facade: convex and concave. The convex parts were painted with white textured paint, while the concave parts were painted with wooden grain paint, which the construction team successfully mixed after multiple trials, achieving a contrast between light and dark, exterior and interior.

▼学校主入口空间，Main entrance space of the school

▼主入口钟塔的曲线，

Curves of the clock tower at the main entrance

▼楼梯间的光影，

Light and shadow in the staircase

在教学楼东侧的体育馆和行政楼设计上，我们采用了与木纹漆相似的铝方通管并排布置的方式来追求校园建筑的整体风貌统一。我们通过对并排铝方通管长度的控制，形成了具有山水韵律的变化节奏，这样的处理不仅与教学楼的曲线形成呼应，也满足了体育馆和办公室的采光通风需求。

In the design of the gymnasium and administration building on the east side of the teaching building, we used a similar arrangement of aluminum square tubes with wooden grain paint to pursue the overall harmony of the campus architecture. By controlling the length of the parallel aluminum square tubes, we created a rhythmic variation responded to the curves of mountains and river. This design not only echoes the curves of the teaching building but also meets the lighting and ventilation needs of the gymnasium and offices.

▼体育馆与教学楼的空间关系，Spatial relationship between the gymnasium and teaching building

▼体育馆，Gymnasium

▼光影篮球场，Basketball court with light and shadow

大香樟树，保护起来Protection to the Camphor Tree

印江七小校园场地原是一片砖窑厂，在地块的南侧有一棵有二十多年树龄的香樟树，该树枝繁叶茂，长势良好。因此在第一次设计踏勘时，我们就想通过对建筑基础、体块布局的退让，来实现对香樟树的保护。根据这一初衷，我们在此处布局行政楼时，在行政楼西侧设计了一个C字型的内凹空间，这个内凹空间与香樟树的树干保持了2.5-3米的退距，同时我们将行政楼的内部走廊围绕树干布置，同时让C字型的几何中心与香樟树的树干相重合，以突显香樟树在该区域的核心地位。

▼建筑退让香樟树的设计手稿，

Design sketch of the building retreating from the camphor tree

The site of Yinjiang No. 7 Primary School was originally a brick factory. On the south side of the site stands a camphor tree over twenty years old, its branches lush and its growth vigorous. Therefore, during the initial site survey, we aimed to protect the camphor tree by setting back the building’s foundation and overall layout. Based on this intention, when designing the administration building, we incorporated a C-shaped recessed space on its west side. This recessed space maintains a 2.5-3 meter setback from the camphor tree’s trunk. Simultaneously, we arranged the building’s internal corridors around the tree trunk, ensuring the geometric center of the C-shape coincides with the trunk center, thus highlighting the camphor tree’s central position within the area.

▼行政楼对香樟树的退让，

Administration building retreating from the camphor tree

多元价值的体现The Realization of Diverse Values

印江七小从设计到建成历时两年半，建成后除了迎接来此处学习工作的一千多位师生外，还迎来了来此地参观访问的市民、周边学校的师生、政府及教育部门的领导等，也让印江七小产生了一些除设计以外的多元化价值。印江七小作为国家“脱贫攻坚”在贵州地区教育领域的重点项目，学校的顺利建成和投入使用不仅标志着“扶贫攻坚”实实在在地为印江当地百姓解决了部分“上学难”的问题，也为印江及周边地区其他类似项目的开展提供了可以被参考的积极范本。对于在此处学习生活的一千多名师生而言，印江七小改善了老七小的教学环境，同时建筑师在空间布局、形体处理、细节设计上所强调的秩序和美感，强调了“美育”在当代初级教育中的作用，也让七小成为印江当地众多小学、中学师生美术写生绘画的场所与对象。

The design and construction of Yinjiang No. 7 Primary School took two and a half years. After its completion, in addition to welcoming over a thousand teachers and students who came here to study and work, it also welcomed citizens, teachers and students from surrounding schools, and also leaders from the government and education departments, giving Yinjiang No. 7 Primary School diverse values beyond its design. As a key project in the education sector of Guizhou Province under the national “Poverty Alleviation” policy, the successful completion and operation of Yinjiang No. 7 Primary School not only signifies that the “poverty alleviation” campaign has tangibly solved part of the “difficulty in accessing education” problem for the local people of Yinjiang, but also provides a positive model for other similar projects in Yinjiang and surrounding areas. For the teachers and students who study and live there, Yinjiang No. 7 Primary School improved the built environment of the old No. 7 Primary School. At the same time, the architect’s emphasis on order and aesthetics in spatial layout, volumetric allocation, and detailed design highlights the role of “aesthetic education” in contemporary primary education, making No. 7 Primary School an ideal place and subject for art sketching and painting for many primary and secondary school teachers and students.

▼体育馆立面对周边山体曲线的呼应，Gymnasium façade responding to surrounding mountain curves

▼垂直铝方通形成富有韵律的山水界面，

Vertical aluminum fins create a rhythmic façade inspired by mountains and rivers

对于设计师而言，这次项目的经历难能可贵，这种难得的机会体现在需要在设计伊始就将48个班级的功能需求、极致的造价节省、打造独一无二的美丽校园三者进行有效的结合，这样的要求与经历磨砺了团队的每一位成员，设计师们的坚持与付出，也让印江七小最终成功落地，在经济、使用和美观之间取得了一种较为合理的平衡。

▼建设中的印江七小，Yinjiang No.7 Primary School under construction

For the designers, this project was an invaluable experience. This rare opportunity lays in the need to effectively combine the functional requirements of 48 classes, the ultimate cost savings, and the creation of a unique and scenic campus from the very beginning of the design process. Such requirements and experiences honed the skills of every member of the team. The designers’ perseverance and dedication also enabled the successful implementation of Yinjiang No. 7 Primary School, achieving a reasonable balance between economy, functionality, and aesthetics.

▼总平面图，Master plan

▼首层平面图，Ground floor plan

▼负一层平面图，Basement level -1 floor plan

▼负二层平面图，Basement level -2 floor plan

▼1-1剖面图，Section 1-1

▼2-2剖面图，Section 2-2

▼教室阳台墙身大样图，

Wall detail drawing of the classroom balcony

▼教室走廊墙身大样图，

Wall detail drawing of the classroom corridor

项目概况：

Project Overview:

Project Name: No. 7 Primary School of Yinjiang County, Guizhou Province

项目地址：贵州省铜仁市印江县梵净山东路

Project Address: East Fanjingshan Road, Yinjiang County, Tongren City, Guizhou Province

主持建筑师：夏明明

Leading Architect: Xia Mingming

设计顾问：占学平

Design Consultant: Zhan Xueping

设计团队名单：夏萌徐军桑逢强赵瑞瑞夏敏肖庆王永恒王颖超陈正莉邓乃华张宏川黄宏蓝陈露张龙龙

Design Team: Xia Meng, Xu Jun, Sang Fengqiang, Zhao Ruirui, Xia Min, Xiao Qing, Wang Yongheng, Wang Yingchao, Chen Zhengli, Deng Naihua, Zhang Hongchuan, Huang Honglan, Chen Lu, Zhang Longlong

项目经理：吴洪兵

Project Manager: Wu Hongbing

建筑面积：29500㎡

Building Area: 29,500㎡

用地面积：18944㎡

Land Area: 18,944㎡

容积率：1.56

Plot Ratio: 1.56

设计单位：CQAEDI 重庆市建筑工程设计院

Design Firm: CQAEDI Chongqing Architectural Engineering Design Institute

设计时间：2022-2023

Design Period: 2022-2023